En el comienzo fue Gerardín. Un chaval grandullón, sonriente y adicto al deporte que jamás se ponía nervioso. Hijo de inmigrantes gallegos en la próspera Centroeuropa setentera. Culé. Que soñaba con ser Ayrton Senna o Michael Jordan y comprarse un descapotable. Mejor si era un Porsche. También quería un cronómetro suizo. Y las Nike más chulas. Lo quería todo. Pero tenía muy poco. “Mi familia era pobre. En la aldea, en Riotorto, no teníamos ni cuarto de baño ni agua corriente. Nos lavábamos con una palangana. Había una economía de subsistencia. Habas y afiladores. Toda mi familia marchó a la inmigración. Mi padre se fue a Europa a los 17 años a trabajar en la construcción; estuvo en Suiza y Bélgica; tuvo una carnicería en Luxemburgo y terminó exportando jamón de bellota al Benelux. En verano me obligaba a estudiar después de comer. Se empeñó en que aprendiera idiomas. Nunca he olvidado de dónde vengo. Si las cosas fueran mal, podría vivir de otra manera. Y ser feliz”.
Gerardín creció en Luxemburgo, en Esch-sur-Alzette, una pequeña localidad limítrofe con Bélgica, con sus padres (Gerardo López y Arundina Fojaca) y sus dos hermanas, en un pisito de dos habitaciones y vistas al campo del equipo de fútbol local que hoy posee. Era un barrio de inmigrantes italianos y portugueses. “Allí comencé a chapurrear el italiano. Ya sabía francés, alemán, luxemburgués, español, gallego, portugués e inglés. Y en la universidad me metí con el japonés. Y con el árabe por los amigos”. Había nacido en Luxemburgo en 1971 casi por casualidad; volvería a España, a la aldea, a Espasande de Baixo, a una hora de Lugo, para vivir con su abuela materna hasta los siete años. El Gerardín adolescente nunca fue un gran estudiante, pero tenía un alto coeficiente de inteligencia. Se machacaba al fútbol y al baloncesto. Y se tragaba todos los partidos de los equipos españoles: “Siempre he padecido ese patriotismo incondicional del inmigrante. España era para mí lo mejor. Pensaba que en la inmigración estábamos de paso. Que mi futuro estaba en mi tierra gallega. Y lo pasé mal. Luego me fui dando cuenta de que tenía que ser feliz donde me tocara. Lo que haiga es. Pero mi pasaporte sigue siendo español. Por la mañana iba a la escuela luxemburguesa y por la tarde a la española. Y en ese trasiego aprendí a interpretar la realidad; vi las dos caras de la historia. De día, en francés y alemán, Pizarro era un genocida; por la tarde, en español, Pizarro era un héroe. Yo tenía una visión de conjunto mientras mis amigos se enteraban de la mitad. Y así he realizado mis inversiones: intentando comprender el mundo; conociendo a fondo todas las facetas de un negocio; quién está detrás; la cara y la cruz. Por ejemplo, de Rusia. Mi poder es entender a la gente; de dónde vienen y qué quieren hacer. Y eso me lo da mi biografía, haber sido pobre y luego rico. Para meter mi dinero tengo que sentir un flechazo. Lo mío es pasión. Me gustan los retos. Correr riesgos. No soy un financiero puro. Busco divertirme”.
Quería construir el futuro, no adaptarme a él. ser protagonista. Y con el nacimiento de Internet estaba en el lugar adecuado”
Con 17 años cumplió su sueño americano a base de becas y fregando platos en una emblemática universidad de Ohio, la Miami University, en cuyo consejo asesor hoy figura. Estudió (sin matarse) matemáticas, estadística e ingeniería de sistemas, cuando nadie sabía para qué servía aquello. Lo combinó con arte asiático y “con lo que allí llamaban entrepreneurship: quería aprender a diseñar empresas; buscar oportunidades para desarrollarlas. Y venderlas. Sin prisas. Esa es la clave”.
Descubrió Internet a comienzos de los noventa, cuando era una especie de oscuro secreto militar. “Aunque en 1993 ya se había autorizado su uso comercial, la Red aún era contemplada como una moda pasajera; algo que se iba a desinflar. Esa idea estaba muy instalada en Europa, que iba tecnológicamente cinco años por detrás de Estados Unidos. Y muy rezagada en la inversión en ese tipo de compañías. Nadie en Europa apostaba por Internet. No había fondos. Y mi idea fue rastrear en esas tecnologías, encontrar oportunidades de negocio; buscar quién las podía desarrollar y convertirlas en productos o servicios, y atraer a grupos que estuvieran dispuestos a invertir a nuestro lado. Reunir a gente para hacer algo grande con las emergentes. No se trataba de mejorar lo que ya existía, sino de hacer algo nuevo, ser los primeros y romper el mercado. Quería construir el futuro, no adaptarme a él. Ser protagonista. Y con el nacimiento de Internet estaba en el lugar adecuado en el momento adecuado”.
López programaba desde adolescente y había ideado incluso una aplicación comercial a los 15 años. A su aire. Sin jefes. Quería ser su propio patrón. Como los chinos. “A los 24 años me ofrecieron ser socio de la consultora Andersen; a la gente se lo ofrecían con 40. Era un puestazo. Dije que no. Ser un ejecutivo a esa edad me parecía el anticlímax. Yo quería crear un fondo tecnológico. Pero primero aprendí a montar mis empresas”. En aquellos primeros pasos, sin saberlo, se estaba convirtiendo en un emprendedor. Un acuñador de start-ups; de compañías emergentes, arriesgadas y revolucionarias, nacidas desde cero en la atmósfera de la nueva economía. Con 20 años, en 1992, creó su primera empresa. No había terminado la carrera. Se llamaba Icon Solutions. Se puso un sueldo de 1.800 euros. La vendió 18 meses más tarde. Creó una segunda, ProLease, de alquiler de coches, y repitió la jugada. Y una tercera, Securewave, que siguió el mismo camino. En aquellos primeros envites ganó su primeros millones de euros y se llevó a sus amigos de fiesta a Manhattan. Y se compró un deportivo y un Rolex que guarda como un símbolo. Hoy tiene una de las mejores colecciones de coches clásicos y de relojes de máxima complicación del planeta. Caprichos de decenas de millones de euros.
“Soy un gallegazo poco dado a alharacas”. Es cierto. Gerardín es un tipo sencillo y hermético, que se mueve con comodidad en las sombras, el territorio propicio de alguien cuyo trabajo es confiar en su olfato y comprar antes que nadie sin que se sepa cuánto ha metido, y vender a tiempo sin que se sepa cuánto ha obtenido. Su primer mandamiento es la discreción. Pero, más allá de esa opacidad, tiene unos gustos muy caros. Incluidas sus mansiones blindadas en Londres, Luxemburgo y Dubái. Y sus aviones y coches Ferrari y obras de arte. Se empeña en no dar esa impresión. Con sus vaqueros y deportivas (tiene una inmensa colección perfectamente clasificada), su cráneo rapado, barba de tres días y alergia a las corbatas, que le sitúan estéticamente en la generación de los hoodies, los irreverentes billonarios de la Red como Mark Zuckerberg (fundador de Facebook). Sin embargo, tras esa imagen hay un supermillonario que se comporta como tal.
Con menos de treinta años, Gerardín se convirtió en Gerard López. El cazador. Un inversor especializado en capital-riesgo que en solo dos años se iba a hacer muy rico apostando por Skype (la aplicación gratuita de transmisión de voz por Internet); de los primeros europeos que arriesgaron su dinero (y el de otros) en las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, que le harían aún más rico comprando y vendiendo participaciones de compañías en ciernes por todo el mundo. Calculando cuánto dinero exponer en función del rendimiento que pretendía obtener en no más de cinco años: el entry point y el exit point en la jerga de los financieros. Que tuvo la insolencia de internarse en 2009 en la azarosa jungla de la Fórmula 1 dominada por el dios Bernie (Ecclestone) y un puñado de arrogantes marcas como Ferrari, Mercedes o McLaren, con presupuestos de hasta 400 millones de euros, y comprar a Renault su escudería sin más fondos que los de su bolsillo para darse a conocer en todo el planeta; para construir negocios sobre ese negocio; acompañando al circo global ambulante de las carreras en su avión tapizado de madera y suave cuero beis. En ese camino, entre Mónaco, Kuala Lumpur, Abu Dabi y Melbourne, no desperdició ni un segundo. Se destapó como un brillante relaciones públicas. Cortejó a soberanos europeos, príncipes árabes, potentados hebreos, estrellas de Hollywood, mandatarios asiáticos; a Rajoy y Feijoo; y al propio Putin, con el que mantiene una gran relación personal y con el que se comunica en alemán (Putin fue durante años agente del KGB en Alemania Oriental). Es de los pocos que han contemplado al zar emocionándose en la intimidad de su dacha ante el tañido de un pianista y dando de comer manzanas a sus mascotas. El líder ruso le preguntó durante un fin de semana de camaradería: “¿Te ayudaría que la gente supiera que somos amigos?”. López contestó afirmativamente. No hizo falta más. “El presidente me ha abierto todas las puertas sin hacer ni una sola llamada. La gente sabe lo que tiene que hacer. Y yo estoy buscando inversores dispuestos a apostar por Rusia. Es mi objetivo”.
Su nueva pasión es la conquista del Ártico, sus fuentes de energía y las enormes posibilidades de sus rutas comerciales alternativas a las que transcurren por Suez; donde todo está por hacer (desde puertos y ferrocarriles hasta plantas de gas, viviendas, hospitales y barcos gaseros), y que él compara en su desafío tecnológico con la carrera espacial: “Construir aquí es una proeza; la maquinaria se congela; el hormigón no cuaja; los helicópteros no despegan. El Ártico es la última frontera científica del mundo, y eso me atrae. A mí me pone el riesgo, la tecnología y la energía, y aquí tengo esos tres elementos”. Y también le atraen unos retornos financieros que en Rusia pueden ser inmensos. Hasta 20 veces lo invertido y, además, con el apoyo del régimen, ansioso de abrir su economía al mundo y captar inversiones para contrarrestar las sanciones económicas de Occidente por el conflicto ucranio. López está decidido a reunir 12.000 millones para dar el primer paso en torno a la península de Yamal. Y tirar de su agenda de contactos en el Pérsico para que sean posibles esos fondos con los que pretende que el infierno blanco se convierta en un territorio de futuro. Y estar allí desde el minuto cero.
“Quería hacer capital-riesgo en Europa, pero estar más cerca de las empresas, de su desarrollo, no hacer solo inversiones financieras”
“No he sido un espectador. Soy un creador. No me he quedado sentado viendo cómo otros construían el futuro. Me gusta estar donde pasan las cosas. Mi oficio no consiste en poner la pasta y desentenderse. Nos llaman y nos piden ayuda financiera, pero también una participación activa en estrategia, gestión y marketing. Y eso es importante en Rusia, donde cuentan con un excepcional capital humano y nula capacidad comercial; tienen decenas de premios Nobel, pero no saben hacer un iPhone. Y ahí encajamos”.
El vuelo entre Moscú y Salejard, cuatro horas sobre el blanco y monótono manto de Siberia hasta más allá del Círculo Polar Ártico, da para mucho. El elegante Embraer Legacy 600 con capacidad para 16 pasajeros sobrevuela la tundra y la taiga desprendiendo un murmullo soporífero de motores. La moqueta es mullida como una pradera, y el menú, de estrella Michelin. A bordo, piloto y copiloto españoles, un par de asistentes y López acompañado por sus tres socios rusos en la empresa Rise Capital (de la que se hizo con la mitad de las acciones a comienzos de este año a través de Nekton, su compañía de inversiones en el mundo de la energía): un sofisticado banquero de negocios, un constructor de éxito y un hombre del gas. Las tres patas del proyecto de Gerard López. El distrito autónomo de Yamal, donde aterrizaremos en unas horas, atesora la mayor reserva de gas del planeta (además de yacimientos de petróleo y otras materias primas), de un Estado, Rusia, donde el 40% del PIB se debe al sector del gas y el petróleo.
No es un tiburón al uso. López tiene un aspecto delicado para su envergadura; voz suave, gesto inocente y manos pequeñas. Y cierta propensión a coger kilos. Inspira confianza. Pero su intimidad es acorazada. Cuenta que sus amigos llaman a su casa “Guantánamo Bay, porque tiene 40 cámaras de vigilancia. El año pasado sufrí un asalto, y ni una broma”. Es alérgico a las redes sociales. Y prefiere no hablar de su vida personal. No da más razón de sí. A cambio, accede a contar a 10.000 metros de altura cómo se hizo rico con Skype. Tiene cuatro horas.
En 2000 Gerard López montó su primer fondo de inversión dedicado a financiar start-ups relacionadas con Internet, software, telecomunicaciones, biotecnología, gestión financiera y comercio electrónico. Tenía 28 años. La bautizó Mangrove Capital (“un manglar es un árbol que tiene raíces de kilómetros, crece rápidamente y aguanta huracanes”). Sus socios eran un americano y un alemán a los que había conocido en Andersen: Mark Tluszcz y Hans-Jürgen Schmitz. “Queríamos hacer capital-riesgo tecnológico en Europa y los países bric (Brasil, Rusia, India y China). Pero queríamos ser un fondo diferente: estar más cerca de las empresas; apostar sin intermediarios; entrar en su desarrollo, frente al modelo europeo que era de simples inversiones bancarias y financieras. El año 2000 fue un momento extraño; acababa de reventar la primera burbuja tecnológica y se había llevado por delante a centenares de fondos y empresas. El índice bursátil Nasdaq había perdido cinco veces su valor. Aquel escenario ponía en duda el futuro de Internet. En ese preciso momento llegamos nosotros. Repasamos 3.000 informes de start-ups donde invertir. La clave era encontrar algo nuevo, no ir por detrás de los acontecimientos”.
Entre los supervivientes del naufragio tecnológico se encontraban dos tipos peculiares, Niklas Zennström y Janus Friis; dos jóvenes informáticos nórdicos que habían desarrollado una aplicación revolucionaria llamada KaZaA, destinada al intercambio de archivos musicales de ordenador a ordenador, que fue pasto de las querellas por la entonces poderosa industria musical global y borrada del mapa. KaZaA tuvo una vida corta, pero Zennström y Friis conservaron su tecnología. En 2002 estaban dispuestos a ir más lejos: convertir su descubrimiento en una aplicación gratuita para el intercambio de voz e imágenes a través del ordenador. Convertir un portátil en un videoteléfono. No tenían un céntimo para su desarrollo y ningún fondo estaba dispuesto a apostar por su invento. Una veintena ya les había cerrado las puertas. A comienzos de 2002 se encontraban en vía muerta.
En Fórmula 1, lo importante es estar. Y que te vean 2.000 millones de personas cada temporada. no es lo que ganas, sino la notoriedad”
En algún momento de aquel verano se encontraron con Gerard López. Y le explicaron el proyecto. López quería invertir en alguna aplicación relacionada con la música. Tomar la delantera y darse a conocer. Skype era un acto de fe. Solo existía sobre el papel. Era un par de ordenadores y de desarrolladores bálticos a los que no había dinero para pagar. Además, invertir en Skype suponía enfrentarse a las operadoras telefónicas por competencia desleal. Skype no estaría operativo hasta el verano de 2003. Sin embargo, López se quedó fascinado por su capacidad para crear una inmensa comunidad de Internet en torno a una tecnología de uso sencillo. “Tuve una corazonada”. Skype comenzó a emitir el 29 agosto de 2003. Funcionaba. En cuatro semanas tenía 10.000 usuarios. En dos años, 54 millones.
La financiación de una start-up es un proceso complejo que se inicia con el dinero del emprendedor; sigue con el de sus cercanos (las tres efes: family, friends and fools); continúa con el de sus empleados (a cambio de acciones), para acceder más tarde al capital de los angels, expertos en costear los primeros escenarios de una empresa a base de incubadoras y aceleradoras. El problema llega a partir de ese momento, cuando esa compañía pretende conseguir masa crítica para situarse en el mercado y no tiene acceso al crédito bancario. Es la crisis del equity gap. Y ahí deben aparecer las empresas de capital-riesgo y organizar rondas de inversores para captar millones de euros a cambio de acciones. Después, el último escenario es la venta de esa start-up a un gran grupo empresarial o su salida a Bolsa. En esos dos escenarios financieros, el inversor de primera hora siempre gana.
En diciembre de 2003, Mangrove, la empresa de Gerard López, encabezó una primera ronda de inversores para capitalizar Skype, a la que atrajo a fondos tan veteranos como Draper, Index y Bessemer por valor de 25 millones de euros; y una segunda en marzo de 2004, en la que se consiguieron 19 millones. Es difícil saber cuánto desembolsó López. Posiblemente en torno a cuatro millones. Un año y medio más tarde, el 12 de septiembre de 2005, el poderoso portal de comercio electrónico eBay adquiría Skype por 4.000 millones de euros. López ni confirma ni desmiente, pero su beneficio se situó en torno a 400 millones de euros. El pelotazo de su vida. Y su entrada en las grandes Ligas. A partir de ahí llevaría a cabo una sucesiva toma y venta de participaciones en firmas tecnológicas como Brokat (con un beneficio de 10 veces lo invertido), Dialcom, Nimbuzz o Wix (donde invirtió un puñado de millones y de la que hoy posee, según la Securities and Exchange Commission, el 21% de las acciones de una compañía que vale 1.200 millones). Además de un extenso repertorio de inversiones y desinversiones en un centenar de empresas emergentes del comercio electrónico, la venta de lujo, los juegos en red, la moda, la gestión de reservas hoteleras y de hospitales, el manejo de estadísticas, las energías limpias, la belleza o la moneda virtual, que le harían mucho más rico.
Cuando Gerard López tenía cinco años, un pariente le regaló 300 pesetas, con las que se compró un coche de Fórmula 1 en miniatura: “Un Lotus negro y oro”. Una profecía. Su entusiasmo por los coches le llevaría a montar en 2006, con las arcas repletas tras la aventura Skype, Gravity Sport (una compañía que aunaba la alta competición con la gestión de la carrera de pilotos) junto a un nuevo socio, viejo amigo y también enganchado a las carreras, Éric Lux. Ambos llevaban gasolina en las venas y han corrido juntos durante estos años a bordo de un impresionante Mercedes SLS las 24 horas de Paul Ricard y de Abu Dabi. Pronto se convirtieron en dos habituales de la Fórmula 1, donde invitaban a posibles inversores. En 2008, López y Lux crearían un nuevo fondo, Genii Capital, que asumiría el control de Gravity Sport, además de centrarse en el asesoramiento financiero y la inversión en empresas consolidadas de tecnología, energía y energías limpias, que hoy producen motores limpios, taxis ecológicos y tunean coches Porsche. “Concebimos Genii como un lugar donde conectar empresas, intereses e inversores”. A este paquete de intereses en Genii se añadirían los negocios inmobiliarios de Éric Lux, bajo la marca Ikodomos, que hoy dispone de inversiones de 2.000 millones de euros en bienes raíces en todo el mundo, desde Luxemburgo y Manhattan hasta Corea del Sur.
El Motorsport Valley es un territorio bucólico a una hora y media de Londres donde se concentra la industria de la Fórmula 1. Aquí tienen sus factorías y cuarteles generales, sus laboratorios, túneles de viento e impresoras en 3D de millones de euros los equipos Mercedes, Red Bull, McLaren, Williams, Force India, Lotus y Marussia. Lo que ha supuesto la creación de una masa crítica tecnológica de miles de millones de euros que da empleo a 20.000 ingenieros. Gerard López y Éric Lux llegaron hasta aquí, a Enstone, muy cerca del palacio de Blenheim (donde nació Churchill), en diciembre de 2009 para hacerse con el control del entonces equipo Renault de Fórmula 1. La empresa automovilística francesa quería abandonar sin perder un instante la competición. En mitad de una crisis económica, con despidos en sus factorías y oscuros casos de corrupción protagonizados por Flavio Briatore (el director de la escudería) que salpicaron al equipo (y a la imagen de marca), su intención era vender como fuera. Era la ocasión que buscaba Gerard López, que llevaba un año intentando entrar en el circo. Había probado hacerse con la escudería Toro Rosso sin éxito. Después con Sauber. En el caso del equipo Renault, López cortejaría hábilmente al dictador de las carreras de coches, el octogenario Ecclestone, para que le apoyara. Lo consiguió. En 2010, Gerard López se hizo con el 75% de las acciones del equipo, y al año siguiente, con el 25% restante. El 2012 lo rebautizaría Lotus F1 Team, como aquel coche de miniatura con el que jugaba de niño. El valor de la escudería estaba en torno a los 300 millones y tenía 500 empleados. Es difícil saber cuánto puso sobre la mesa de Renault. Nunca se sabe cuánto pone Gerard López sobre la mesa.
Cinco años más tarde, la historia se repite, pero en sentido contrario. López acaba de revender sus acciones a Renault, que regresa a la competición una vez que el temporal económico y mediático ha amainado. Gerard López sale de la Fórmula 1 dejando un equipo con 200 millones de deuda y sin haber pasado en seis temporadas del cuarto puesto en la clasificación final. Tampoco ha logrado imponerse al correoso Ecclestone para que los equipos medianos (como Lotus) obtengan un mayor porcentaje de los mil millones con los que la televisión engrasa la competición automovilística. Ni para que el capo de la Fórmula 1 extendiera el business de la Fórmula 1 a Internet, como López ha intentado estos años. ¿Ha sido un buen negocio para el inversor gallego? Él no se arruga. “Según lo que llame usted un buen negocio. Aquí es complicado cuantificar los retornos. Para empezar, nos hemos divertido. Y hemos extendido nuestra red. Nos ha abierto puertas y mercados impensables en 20 países. Cuando llegamos a la Fórmula 1, nuestra idea no era solo correr, sino crear una plataforma de negocios; una embajada volante de Genii; una oficina global para hacer contactos, crear negocios y buscar socios. En cada país nos hemos reunido con monarcas, políticos, empresarios y financieros. Y somos más conocidos de lo que nunca imaginamos. Y hemos hecho grandes negocios. En Fórmula 1, lo importante es estar. Y que vean tu logotipo 2.000 millones de personas cada año. No es solo lo que ganas, sino la notoriedad que adquieres. Nuestra entrada y nuestra salida de la Fórmula 1 han supuesto un pleno”.
La pieza más grande que Gerard López se ha cobrado en estos años gracias a la Fórmula 1 ha sido Vladímir Putin, el hombre fuerte de Rusia desde 1999. En el verano de 2010, después de participar en el Foro Económico de San Petersburgo (la ciudad natal y fetiche político del presidente), López, haciendo uso de su desparpajo social, invitó al mandatario a pilotar uno de sus bólidos. Putin accedió. A comienzos de noviembre, el entonces equipo Renault-Lotus se desplazó hasta un lugar indeterminado de la frontera de Finlandia con Rusia. Y desde allí, escoltado por el ejército, hasta la vecina San Petersburgo. En las inmediaciones de la capital, en una discreta base militar, Putin condujo durante un par de horas el monoplaza a 250 kilómetros por hora tras la estela de Gerard López cubierto con un casco con el águila imperial rusa. Era el comienzo de una buena amistad. El caluroso recibimiento de Dmitry Kobylkin, gobernador de Yamal y hombre de confianza de Putin en El Dorado del Ártico, a López en Salejard no deja lugar a dudas: es de la familia. Es de los suyos.
La distancia entre Salejard y Espasande de Baixo, desde los hielos perpetuos de la capital de Yamal hasta la niebla y eucaliptos de esta aldea gallega con siete casas de piedra, es de 7.123 kilómetros. Un hombre tendría que caminar 60 días sin descanso para llegar de Lugo a Siberia. Es la mejor metáfora de la larga andadura de Gerard López. Hoy ya no la haría a pie. Sino en su avión.
http://elpais.com/elpais/2015/12/23/eps/1450891059_144600.html
lunes, 28 de diciembre de 2015
viernes, 25 de diciembre de 2015
A Butler Well Served by This Election
By Wil Haygood
For more than three decades Eugene Allen worked in the White House, a black man unknown to the headlines. During some of those years, harsh segregation laws lay upon the land.
He trekked home every night, his wife, Helene, keeping him out of her kitchen.
At the White House, he worked closer to the dirty dishes than to the large desk in the Oval Office. Helene didn’t care; she just beamed with pride.
President Truman called him Gene.
President Ford liked to talk golf with him.
He saw eight presidential administrations come and go, often working six days a week. “I never missed a day of work,” Allen says.
His is a story from the back pages of history. A figure in the tiniest of print. The man in the kitchen. He was there while America’s racial history was being remade: Brown v. Board of Education, the Little Rock school crisis, the 1963 March on Washington, the cities burning, the civil rights bills, the assassinations.
When he started at the White House in 1952, he couldn’t even use the public restrooms when he ventured back to his native Virginia. “We had never had anything,” Allen, 89, recalls of black America at the time. “I was always hoping things would get better.”
In its long history, the White House -- just note the name -- has had a complex and vexing relationship with black Americans.
“The history is not so uneven at the lower level, in the kitchen,” says Ted Sorensen, who served as counselor to President Kennedy. “In the kitchen, the folks have always been black. Even the folks at the door -- black.”
Sorensen tried to address the matter of blacks in the White House. But in the end, there was only one black man who stayed on the executive staff at the Kennedy White House past the first year. “There just weren’t as many blacks as there should have been,” says Sorensen. “Sensitivities weren’t what they should have been, or could have been.”
In 1866 the abolitionist Frederick Douglass, sensing an opening to advocate for black voting rights, made a White House visit to lobby President Andrew Johnson. Johnson refused to engage in a struggle for black voting rights. Douglass was back at the White House in 1877. But no one wished to discuss his political sentiments: President Rutherford Hayes had engaged the great man -- it was a time of high minstrelsy across the nation -- to serve as a master of ceremonies for an evening of entertainment.
In the fall of 1901, another famous black American came to the door. President Theodore Roosevelt invited Booker T. Washington, head of the Tuskegee Institute, to meet with him at the White House. Roosevelt was careful not to announce the invitation, fearing a backlash, especially from Southerners. But news of the visit leaked quickly enough and the uproar was swift and noisy. In an editorial, the Memphis Scimitar would write in the ugly language of the times: “It is only recently that President Roosevelt boasted that his mother was a Southern woman, and that he is half Southern by reason of that fact. By inviting a nigger to his table he pays his mother small duty.”
Fifty years later, invitations to the White House were still fraught with racial subtext. When the Daughters of the American Revolution refused to allow pianist Hazel Scott to perform at Constitution Hall because of her race, many letters poured into the White House decrying the DAR’s position. First lady Bess Truman was a member of the organization, but she made no effort to get the DAR to alter its policy. Scott’s husband, Harlem congressman Adam Clayton Powell, subsequently referred to Bess Truman as “the last lady of the land.” The words outraged President Truman, who vowed to aides he would find some way to punish Powell and barred the fellow Democrat from setting foot inside the Truman White House.
The first black to hold a policy or political position in the White House was E. Frederick Morrow, a former public relations executive with CBS. Gen. Dwight Eisenhower’s presidential campaign operatives were so impressed with Morrow’s diligent work during the 1952 campaign that they promised him a White House executive job if Ike were elected. Ike won, but Morrow ended up being placed at the Department of Commerce. He felt slighted and appealed to Republican friends in New York to force the White House to make good on its promise.
The phone finally rang in 1955 and Morrow was named administrative officer for special projects. He had hoped the title would give him wide responsibilities inside the White House, but found himself dealing, for the most part, with issues related to the Brown desegregation ruling, the Rosa Parks-led bus boycott in Montgomery, Ala., and the 1957 Little Rock school crisis.
“He was a man of great dignity,” says Stephen Hess, senior fellow emeritus at the Brookings Institution, who worked as a speechwriter for Eisenhower. Morrow was in a lonely position, but “he did not complain,” says Hess. “That wasn’t Fred Morrow.”
When Morrow left his White House position, he imagined there’d be corporate job offers. There were not. “Only thing he was offered were jobs related to the black community,” says Hess. Nonetheless, “after Morrow, it was appropriate to have a black person on the staff of the White House.”
Eugene Allen saw eight presidents come and go over three decades serving on The White House staff. On Background's Nia-Malika Henderson talks with Wil Haygood, who wrote a book about Allen and whose reporting inspired the film version of "The Butler." (The Washington Post)
‘Pantry Man’
Before he landed his job at the White House, Gene Allen worked as a waiter at the Homestead resort in Hot Springs, Va., and then at a country club in Washington.
He and wife Helene, 86, are sitting in the living room of their home off Georgia Avenue NW. A cane rests across her lap. Her voice is musical, in a Lena Horne kind of way. She calls him “honey.” They met in Washington at a birthday party in 1942. He was too shy to ask for her number, so she tracked his down. They married a year later.
In 1952, a lady told him of a job opening in the White House. “I wasn’t even looking for a job,” he says. “I was happy where I was working, but she told me to go on over there and meet with a guy by the name of Alonzo Fields.”
Fields was a maitre d’, and he immediately liked Allen.
Allen was offered a job as a “pantry man.” He washed dishes, stocked cabinets and shined silverware. He started at $2,400 a year.
There was, in time, a promotion to butler. “Shook the hand of all the presidents I ever worked for,” he says.
“I was there, honey,” Helene reminds. “In the back, maybe. But I shook their hands, too.” She’s referring to White House holiday parties, Easter egg hunts. They have one son, Charles. He works as an investigator with the State Department.
“President Ford’s birthday and my birthday were on the same day,” he says. “He’d have a birthday party at the White House. Everybody would be there. And Mrs. Ford would say, ‘It’s Gene’s birthday, too!’ “
And so they’d sing a little ditty to the butler. And the butler, who wore a tuxedo to work every day, would blush.
“Jack Kennedy was very nice,” he goes on. “And so was Mrs. Kennedy.”
“Hmm-mmm,” she says, rocking.
"Shook the hand of all the presidents I ever worked for," says Allen, pictured here with President Gerald Ford. (Allen Family Photo)
Allen serves during Caroline Kennedy's birthday party. "Jack Kennedy was very nice," he says. "And so was Mrs. Kennedy." (Kevin Clark)
He was in the White House kitchen the day JFK was slain. He got a personal invitation to the funeral. But he volunteered for other duty: “Somebody had to be at the White House to serve everyone after they came from the funeral.”
The whole family of President Jimmy Carter made her chuckle: “They were country. And I’m talking Lillian and Rosalynn both.” It comes out sounding like the highest compliment.
First lady Nancy Reagan came looking for him in the kitchen one day. She wanted to remind him about the upcoming dinner for West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl. He told her he was well ahead in the planning and had already picked out the china. But she told him he would not be working that night.
“She said, ‘You and Helene are coming to the state dinner as guests of President Reagan and myself.’ I’m telling you! I believe I’m the only butler to get invited to a state dinner.”
Husbands and wives don’t sit together at these events, and Helene was nervous about trying to make small talk with world leaders. “And my son says, ‘Mama, just talk about your high school. They won’t know the difference.’
“The senators were all talking about the colleges and universities that they went to,” she says.” I was doing as much talking as they were.
“Had champagne that night,” she says, looking over at her husband.
He just grins: He was the man who stacked the champagne at the White House.
Moving Up, but Slowly
President Kennedy, who succeeded Eisenhower, started with two blacks, Frank Reeves and Andrew Hatcher, in executive positions on his White House staff. Only Hatcher, a deputy press secretary, remained after six months. Reeves, who focused on civil rights matters, left in a political reshuffling.
The issue of race bedeviled this White House, even amid good intentions. In February 1963, Kennedy invited 800 blacks to the White House to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. Louis Martin, a Democratic operative who helped plan the function, had placed the names of entertainer Sammy Davis Jr. and his wife, May Britt, on the guest list. The White House scratched it off and Martin would put it back on. According to Martin, Kennedy was aghast when he saw the black and white couple stroll into the White House. His face reddened and he instructed photographers that no pictures of the interracial couple would be taken.
But Sammy Davis Jr. was not finished with 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. He got himself invited to the Nixon White House to meet with the president and talk about Vietnam and business opportunities for blacks. He even slept in the Lincoln Bedroom once. When Davis sang at the 1972 Republican convention in Miami, he famously wrapped his arms around Nixon at a youth rally there, becoming forever identified with a White House that many blacks found hostile.
Eugene Allen serves during Gerald Ford's birthday party which Allen shares. Eugene Allen, 88, a retired White House butler, has served eight presidents. (Family Photo)
Lyndon Johnson devoted considerable energy and determination to civil rights legislation, even appointing the first black to the Supreme Court. But it did not translate to any appreciable number of blacks working on his staff. Clifford Alexander says he was the sole black in Johnson’s White House, serving first as a National Security Council officer, then as associate White House counsel.
“We were fighting for something quite new,” says Alexander. “You knew how much your job meant. And you knew President Johnson was fighting on your behalf.” As a young man growing up in Harlem, Alexander had heard about Morrow. Mothers and fathers pointed to him as a grand success story. “Fred was a lovely man,” says Alexander. “But they did not pay any attention to him in the Eisenhower White House.”
Colin Powell would become the highest-ranking black of any White House to that point when he was named President Reagan’s national security adviser in 1987. Condoleezza Rice would have that same position under President George W. Bush.
The butler remembers seeing both Powell and Rice in the Oval Office. He was serving refreshments. He couldn’t help notice that blacks were moving closer to the center of power, closer than he could ever have dreamed. He’d tell Helene how proud it made him feel.
Time for Change
Gene Allen was promoted to maitre d’ in 1980. He left the White House in 1986, after 34 years. President Reagan wrote him a sweet note. Nancy Reagan hugged him, tight.
Interviewed at their home last week, Gene and Helene speculated about what it would mean if a black man were actually elected president.
“Just imagine,” she said.
“It’d be really something,” he said.
“We’re pretty much past the going-out stage,” she said. “But you never know. If he gets in there, it’d sure be nice to go over there again.”
They’ve got pictures of President and Mrs. Reagan in the living room. On a wall in the basement, they’ve got pictures of every president Gene ever served. There’s a painting President Eisenhower gave him and a picture of President Ford opening birthday gifts, Gene hovering nearby.
They talked about praying to help Barack Obama get to the White House. They’d go vote together. She’d lean on her cane with one hand, and on him with the other, while walking down to the precinct. And she’d get supper going afterward. They’d gone over their Election Day plans more than once.
“Imagine,” she said.
“That’s right,” he said.
On Monday Helene had a doctor’s appointment. Gene woke and nudged her once, then again. He shuffled around to her side of the bed. He nudged Helene again. He was all alone.
“I woke up and my wife didn’t,” he said later.
Some friends and family members rushed over. He wanted to make coffee. They had to shoo the butler out of the kitchen.
The lady whom he married 65 years ago will be buried today.
The butler cast his vote for Obama on Tuesday. He so missed telling his Helene about the black man bound for the Oval Office.
Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-butler-well-served-by-this-election/2013/08/13/961d5d78-0456-11e3-9259-e2aafe5a5f84_story.html
For more than three decades Eugene Allen worked in the White House, a black man unknown to the headlines. During some of those years, harsh segregation laws lay upon the land.
He trekked home every night, his wife, Helene, keeping him out of her kitchen.
At the White House, he worked closer to the dirty dishes than to the large desk in the Oval Office. Helene didn’t care; she just beamed with pride.
President Truman called him Gene.
President Ford liked to talk golf with him.
He saw eight presidential administrations come and go, often working six days a week. “I never missed a day of work,” Allen says.
His is a story from the back pages of history. A figure in the tiniest of print. The man in the kitchen. He was there while America’s racial history was being remade: Brown v. Board of Education, the Little Rock school crisis, the 1963 March on Washington, the cities burning, the civil rights bills, the assassinations.
When he started at the White House in 1952, he couldn’t even use the public restrooms when he ventured back to his native Virginia. “We had never had anything,” Allen, 89, recalls of black America at the time. “I was always hoping things would get better.”
In its long history, the White House -- just note the name -- has had a complex and vexing relationship with black Americans.
“The history is not so uneven at the lower level, in the kitchen,” says Ted Sorensen, who served as counselor to President Kennedy. “In the kitchen, the folks have always been black. Even the folks at the door -- black.”
Sorensen tried to address the matter of blacks in the White House. But in the end, there was only one black man who stayed on the executive staff at the Kennedy White House past the first year. “There just weren’t as many blacks as there should have been,” says Sorensen. “Sensitivities weren’t what they should have been, or could have been.”
In 1866 the abolitionist Frederick Douglass, sensing an opening to advocate for black voting rights, made a White House visit to lobby President Andrew Johnson. Johnson refused to engage in a struggle for black voting rights. Douglass was back at the White House in 1877. But no one wished to discuss his political sentiments: President Rutherford Hayes had engaged the great man -- it was a time of high minstrelsy across the nation -- to serve as a master of ceremonies for an evening of entertainment.
In the fall of 1901, another famous black American came to the door. President Theodore Roosevelt invited Booker T. Washington, head of the Tuskegee Institute, to meet with him at the White House. Roosevelt was careful not to announce the invitation, fearing a backlash, especially from Southerners. But news of the visit leaked quickly enough and the uproar was swift and noisy. In an editorial, the Memphis Scimitar would write in the ugly language of the times: “It is only recently that President Roosevelt boasted that his mother was a Southern woman, and that he is half Southern by reason of that fact. By inviting a nigger to his table he pays his mother small duty.”
Fifty years later, invitations to the White House were still fraught with racial subtext. When the Daughters of the American Revolution refused to allow pianist Hazel Scott to perform at Constitution Hall because of her race, many letters poured into the White House decrying the DAR’s position. First lady Bess Truman was a member of the organization, but she made no effort to get the DAR to alter its policy. Scott’s husband, Harlem congressman Adam Clayton Powell, subsequently referred to Bess Truman as “the last lady of the land.” The words outraged President Truman, who vowed to aides he would find some way to punish Powell and barred the fellow Democrat from setting foot inside the Truman White House.
The first black to hold a policy or political position in the White House was E. Frederick Morrow, a former public relations executive with CBS. Gen. Dwight Eisenhower’s presidential campaign operatives were so impressed with Morrow’s diligent work during the 1952 campaign that they promised him a White House executive job if Ike were elected. Ike won, but Morrow ended up being placed at the Department of Commerce. He felt slighted and appealed to Republican friends in New York to force the White House to make good on its promise.
The phone finally rang in 1955 and Morrow was named administrative officer for special projects. He had hoped the title would give him wide responsibilities inside the White House, but found himself dealing, for the most part, with issues related to the Brown desegregation ruling, the Rosa Parks-led bus boycott in Montgomery, Ala., and the 1957 Little Rock school crisis.
“He was a man of great dignity,” says Stephen Hess, senior fellow emeritus at the Brookings Institution, who worked as a speechwriter for Eisenhower. Morrow was in a lonely position, but “he did not complain,” says Hess. “That wasn’t Fred Morrow.”
When Morrow left his White House position, he imagined there’d be corporate job offers. There were not. “Only thing he was offered were jobs related to the black community,” says Hess. Nonetheless, “after Morrow, it was appropriate to have a black person on the staff of the White House.”
Eugene Allen saw eight presidents come and go over three decades serving on The White House staff. On Background's Nia-Malika Henderson talks with Wil Haygood, who wrote a book about Allen and whose reporting inspired the film version of "The Butler." (The Washington Post)
‘Pantry Man’
Before he landed his job at the White House, Gene Allen worked as a waiter at the Homestead resort in Hot Springs, Va., and then at a country club in Washington.
He and wife Helene, 86, are sitting in the living room of their home off Georgia Avenue NW. A cane rests across her lap. Her voice is musical, in a Lena Horne kind of way. She calls him “honey.” They met in Washington at a birthday party in 1942. He was too shy to ask for her number, so she tracked his down. They married a year later.
In 1952, a lady told him of a job opening in the White House. “I wasn’t even looking for a job,” he says. “I was happy where I was working, but she told me to go on over there and meet with a guy by the name of Alonzo Fields.”
Fields was a maitre d’, and he immediately liked Allen.
Allen was offered a job as a “pantry man.” He washed dishes, stocked cabinets and shined silverware. He started at $2,400 a year.
There was, in time, a promotion to butler. “Shook the hand of all the presidents I ever worked for,” he says.
“I was there, honey,” Helene reminds. “In the back, maybe. But I shook their hands, too.” She’s referring to White House holiday parties, Easter egg hunts. They have one son, Charles. He works as an investigator with the State Department.
“President Ford’s birthday and my birthday were on the same day,” he says. “He’d have a birthday party at the White House. Everybody would be there. And Mrs. Ford would say, ‘It’s Gene’s birthday, too!’ “
And so they’d sing a little ditty to the butler. And the butler, who wore a tuxedo to work every day, would blush.
“Jack Kennedy was very nice,” he goes on. “And so was Mrs. Kennedy.”
“Hmm-mmm,” she says, rocking.
"Shook the hand of all the presidents I ever worked for," says Allen, pictured here with President Gerald Ford. (Allen Family Photo)
Allen serves during Caroline Kennedy's birthday party. "Jack Kennedy was very nice," he says. "And so was Mrs. Kennedy." (Kevin Clark)
He was in the White House kitchen the day JFK was slain. He got a personal invitation to the funeral. But he volunteered for other duty: “Somebody had to be at the White House to serve everyone after they came from the funeral.”
The whole family of President Jimmy Carter made her chuckle: “They were country. And I’m talking Lillian and Rosalynn both.” It comes out sounding like the highest compliment.
First lady Nancy Reagan came looking for him in the kitchen one day. She wanted to remind him about the upcoming dinner for West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl. He told her he was well ahead in the planning and had already picked out the china. But she told him he would not be working that night.
“She said, ‘You and Helene are coming to the state dinner as guests of President Reagan and myself.’ I’m telling you! I believe I’m the only butler to get invited to a state dinner.”
Husbands and wives don’t sit together at these events, and Helene was nervous about trying to make small talk with world leaders. “And my son says, ‘Mama, just talk about your high school. They won’t know the difference.’
“The senators were all talking about the colleges and universities that they went to,” she says.” I was doing as much talking as they were.
“Had champagne that night,” she says, looking over at her husband.
He just grins: He was the man who stacked the champagne at the White House.
Moving Up, but Slowly
President Kennedy, who succeeded Eisenhower, started with two blacks, Frank Reeves and Andrew Hatcher, in executive positions on his White House staff. Only Hatcher, a deputy press secretary, remained after six months. Reeves, who focused on civil rights matters, left in a political reshuffling.
The issue of race bedeviled this White House, even amid good intentions. In February 1963, Kennedy invited 800 blacks to the White House to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. Louis Martin, a Democratic operative who helped plan the function, had placed the names of entertainer Sammy Davis Jr. and his wife, May Britt, on the guest list. The White House scratched it off and Martin would put it back on. According to Martin, Kennedy was aghast when he saw the black and white couple stroll into the White House. His face reddened and he instructed photographers that no pictures of the interracial couple would be taken.
But Sammy Davis Jr. was not finished with 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. He got himself invited to the Nixon White House to meet with the president and talk about Vietnam and business opportunities for blacks. He even slept in the Lincoln Bedroom once. When Davis sang at the 1972 Republican convention in Miami, he famously wrapped his arms around Nixon at a youth rally there, becoming forever identified with a White House that many blacks found hostile.
Eugene Allen serves during Gerald Ford's birthday party which Allen shares. Eugene Allen, 88, a retired White House butler, has served eight presidents. (Family Photo)
Lyndon Johnson devoted considerable energy and determination to civil rights legislation, even appointing the first black to the Supreme Court. But it did not translate to any appreciable number of blacks working on his staff. Clifford Alexander says he was the sole black in Johnson’s White House, serving first as a National Security Council officer, then as associate White House counsel.
“We were fighting for something quite new,” says Alexander. “You knew how much your job meant. And you knew President Johnson was fighting on your behalf.” As a young man growing up in Harlem, Alexander had heard about Morrow. Mothers and fathers pointed to him as a grand success story. “Fred was a lovely man,” says Alexander. “But they did not pay any attention to him in the Eisenhower White House.”
Colin Powell would become the highest-ranking black of any White House to that point when he was named President Reagan’s national security adviser in 1987. Condoleezza Rice would have that same position under President George W. Bush.
The butler remembers seeing both Powell and Rice in the Oval Office. He was serving refreshments. He couldn’t help notice that blacks were moving closer to the center of power, closer than he could ever have dreamed. He’d tell Helene how proud it made him feel.
Time for Change
Gene Allen was promoted to maitre d’ in 1980. He left the White House in 1986, after 34 years. President Reagan wrote him a sweet note. Nancy Reagan hugged him, tight.
Interviewed at their home last week, Gene and Helene speculated about what it would mean if a black man were actually elected president.
“Just imagine,” she said.
“It’d be really something,” he said.
“We’re pretty much past the going-out stage,” she said. “But you never know. If he gets in there, it’d sure be nice to go over there again.”
They’ve got pictures of President and Mrs. Reagan in the living room. On a wall in the basement, they’ve got pictures of every president Gene ever served. There’s a painting President Eisenhower gave him and a picture of President Ford opening birthday gifts, Gene hovering nearby.
They talked about praying to help Barack Obama get to the White House. They’d go vote together. She’d lean on her cane with one hand, and on him with the other, while walking down to the precinct. And she’d get supper going afterward. They’d gone over their Election Day plans more than once.
“Imagine,” she said.
“That’s right,” he said.
On Monday Helene had a doctor’s appointment. Gene woke and nudged her once, then again. He shuffled around to her side of the bed. He nudged Helene again. He was all alone.
“I woke up and my wife didn’t,” he said later.
Some friends and family members rushed over. He wanted to make coffee. They had to shoo the butler out of the kitchen.
The lady whom he married 65 years ago will be buried today.
The butler cast his vote for Obama on Tuesday. He so missed telling his Helene about the black man bound for the Oval Office.
Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-butler-well-served-by-this-election/2013/08/13/961d5d78-0456-11e3-9259-e2aafe5a5f84_story.html
martes, 22 de diciembre de 2015
Úlceras en la garganta
Úlceras de garganta puede interferir seriamente con el hablar, comer e incluso tragar. Si no se trata, este problema puede dar lugar a complicaciones graves de salud. Aquí hablamos de las opciones de tratamiento para el problema, y sus síntomas.
Úlceras de garganta puede ser una repercusión de las infecciones no tratadas de las vías respiratorias, o problemas tales como amigdalitis y faringitis. Estas úlceras pueden indicar también las infecciones causadas por el VIH, virus de Epstein-Barr, virus del herpes simple o de levadura.
Tratamiento
Generalmente, el tratamiento consiste en la búsqueda de atención médica tan pronto como los síntomas comienzan a aparecer. Los medicamentos pueden ayudar a frenar el avance de las úlceras y un mayor deterioro de los tejidos de la garganta.
# Para aliviar el dolor de garganta, usted puede hacer uso de agua salina tibia para hacer gárgaras, y tomar algunos medicamentos antiinflamatorios recetados.
# Si usted está teniendo un momento difícil de tragar los alimentos sólidos, los alimentos líquidos como sopas y similares, sería una mejor opción.
# Evite tomar alimentos picantes o los que contienen productos químicos o sales. Esto puede empeorar la condición y agravar los síntomas dolorosos.
# Para cuidar el mal sabor y el mal aliento, puede limpiar los dientes y la boca más a menudo.
La persona afectada puede recuperarse en un lapso de pocas semanas o incluso puede tomar un mes para que se recupere completamente. A veces puede ocurrir que las úlceras pueden repetirse incluso después de un tratamiento exitoso.
Síntomas
El primer síntoma más notable y que puede significar que una persona ha desarrollado úlceras de garganta es dificultad para tragar los alimentos. Para algunos, puede ser una molestia leve, mientras que la condición puede hacer que sea casi imposible para que otros puedan tragar cualquier alimento, en absoluto. Las heridas abiertas de las úlceras generalmente causan un gran dolor, en el momento en que cualquier comida (alimentos especialmente sólidos) pasa por encima de ellos.
Si usted está sufriendo de úlceras de garganta, entonces usted puede hacerse un chequeo en las úlceras para hacer una inspección de su propia garganta.
Mirando al espejo, abra la boca y aplane su lengua, de modo que se obtiene una mayor visibilidad de la zona de la garganta. Utilice una linterna para ver mejor. Si hay úlceras presentes, entonces usted puede ser capaz de darse cuenta con claridad al ver algunos manchas blancas en la zona de las amígdalas. Estas manchas blancas son normalmente el lugar donde se encuentran las úlceras.
Con el tiempo, los tejidos que secretan pus adquieren un color gris, lo que significa que las células de la garganta se están muriendo.
Debido a la secreción de pus, también pueden experimentar mal sabor o mal aliento de su boca. Otros síntomas pueden ser inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos, fiebre, tos o congestión nasal.
Como se ha dicho, el tratamiento médico es la única opción viable cuando se trata de curar las úlceras de garganta. No atender a los riesgos de la práctica de cualquier tipo de remedios caseros sin información adecuada u orientación. La prevención de las úlceras de garganta es una perspectiva difícil. Lo mejor que puedes hacer es fortalecer su sistema inmunológico. Esto se puede hacer inculcandose una dieta balanceada que consiste de todas las vitaminas y minerales que necesita el organismo para combatir infecciones. Evitar la aparición de infecciones de garganta también puede contribuir a la prevención de estas úlceras en cierta medida y así como evitando hábitos tales como fumar, mascar tabaco abuso de alcohol, etc
http://lasaludi.info/ulceras-en-la-garganta.html
Úlceras de garganta puede ser una repercusión de las infecciones no tratadas de las vías respiratorias, o problemas tales como amigdalitis y faringitis. Estas úlceras pueden indicar también las infecciones causadas por el VIH, virus de Epstein-Barr, virus del herpes simple o de levadura.
Tratamiento
Generalmente, el tratamiento consiste en la búsqueda de atención médica tan pronto como los síntomas comienzan a aparecer. Los medicamentos pueden ayudar a frenar el avance de las úlceras y un mayor deterioro de los tejidos de la garganta.
# Para aliviar el dolor de garganta, usted puede hacer uso de agua salina tibia para hacer gárgaras, y tomar algunos medicamentos antiinflamatorios recetados.
# Si usted está teniendo un momento difícil de tragar los alimentos sólidos, los alimentos líquidos como sopas y similares, sería una mejor opción.
# Evite tomar alimentos picantes o los que contienen productos químicos o sales. Esto puede empeorar la condición y agravar los síntomas dolorosos.
# Para cuidar el mal sabor y el mal aliento, puede limpiar los dientes y la boca más a menudo.
La persona afectada puede recuperarse en un lapso de pocas semanas o incluso puede tomar un mes para que se recupere completamente. A veces puede ocurrir que las úlceras pueden repetirse incluso después de un tratamiento exitoso.
Síntomas
El primer síntoma más notable y que puede significar que una persona ha desarrollado úlceras de garganta es dificultad para tragar los alimentos. Para algunos, puede ser una molestia leve, mientras que la condición puede hacer que sea casi imposible para que otros puedan tragar cualquier alimento, en absoluto. Las heridas abiertas de las úlceras generalmente causan un gran dolor, en el momento en que cualquier comida (alimentos especialmente sólidos) pasa por encima de ellos.
Si usted está sufriendo de úlceras de garganta, entonces usted puede hacerse un chequeo en las úlceras para hacer una inspección de su propia garganta.
Mirando al espejo, abra la boca y aplane su lengua, de modo que se obtiene una mayor visibilidad de la zona de la garganta. Utilice una linterna para ver mejor. Si hay úlceras presentes, entonces usted puede ser capaz de darse cuenta con claridad al ver algunos manchas blancas en la zona de las amígdalas. Estas manchas blancas son normalmente el lugar donde se encuentran las úlceras.
Con el tiempo, los tejidos que secretan pus adquieren un color gris, lo que significa que las células de la garganta se están muriendo.
Debido a la secreción de pus, también pueden experimentar mal sabor o mal aliento de su boca. Otros síntomas pueden ser inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos, fiebre, tos o congestión nasal.
Como se ha dicho, el tratamiento médico es la única opción viable cuando se trata de curar las úlceras de garganta. No atender a los riesgos de la práctica de cualquier tipo de remedios caseros sin información adecuada u orientación. La prevención de las úlceras de garganta es una perspectiva difícil. Lo mejor que puedes hacer es fortalecer su sistema inmunológico. Esto se puede hacer inculcandose una dieta balanceada que consiste de todas las vitaminas y minerales que necesita el organismo para combatir infecciones. Evitar la aparición de infecciones de garganta también puede contribuir a la prevención de estas úlceras en cierta medida y así como evitando hábitos tales como fumar, mascar tabaco abuso de alcohol, etc
http://lasaludi.info/ulceras-en-la-garganta.html
lunes, 21 de diciembre de 2015
13 Best Hacking Tools For Android 2015
Cyber Security
DISCLAIMER: This article is written for educational purposes only, and the author Anon.Dos or the publisher AnonHQ did not publish this article for malicious purposes. If the readers wish to download these applications and software and use it for personal gains, the author and the publisher are not to be held liable for any cause of damage done.
Linux is regarded as the preferred os for all the computer wet works, on its ethical side as well the dark side. As Android really is a Linux structured operating system that allowed developers to create many hacking applications for Android itself. Therefore, we are showing a summary of Android hacking software that can switch your android system straight into a hacking device.
USER-FRIENDLY HACKING TOOLS
These hacking tools are easy to use and not difficult to operate plus most of them have a graphical user interface that allows the operator easy access and understandability of the software.
AndroRAT
RAT is basically a Remote Accessing Tool and Andro well you guessed it stands for Android, which makes it a remote accessing tool for many Android devices, this is essentially a host client program that is utilized to manipulate a system without the need of touching the device in order to gain entry to the operating system.
SpoofApp
SpoofApp application effectively pretends as the same software by falsifying information and thus achieving an obscure edge. One can place phone calls using anybody’s phone number. However, if one wants to do that, they would require an extra piece of work commonly known as spoof cards. The software also includes voice changers and allow the user to record the whole conversation. If the software is being installed for the first time, then the user receives free five minutes.
Whatsapp Sniffer
WhatsApp Sniffer is much like Wire Shark that is also a sniffing tool, though WhatsApp Sniffer is solely made for sniffing WhatsApp messages one can use this application to gain access to other peoples WhatsApp messages, their WhatsApp images, WhatsApp video clips and audios but for that one is required to make their device the Wi-Fi hotspot so the traffic can be filtered though there device.
APK Inspector
APK Inspector enables you to view the source code of the application you are going to use; it is an excellent tool for viewing what permissions does the application has, and it allows its user to edit features making it possible to enable, disable and deleting them altogether.
WiFi Killer
This is a fun application; it allows people to kick a person to see how many people are using a WiFi device and then one can kick the person of that wifi network also they can block them.
DroidSheep
Since everyone is on Facebook today, so a lot of people want to know how to get information on other people’s accounts. DriodSheep allows its user to capture cookies of the social media, but the condition is that the target should be present on the same network. And in order to fully understand it, one should have sound knowledge of session hijacking.
Eviloperator
Get Your Anonymous T-Shirt / Sweatshirt / Hoodie / Tanktop, Smartphone / Tablet Cover or Mug In Our Spreadshirt Shop
!
You can guess by its name what this software can do if you can’t then let us explain. This application successfully connects two people via a call that makes them believe that they called one another. The software allows its user to record and save the conversation(s).
PROFESSIONAL HACKING TOOL
These are some advanced hacking apps that are specially designed for the security professional and safety researchers.
AnDOSid
This android tool was created by Scott Herbert, which can be used to start a Denial of Service attack(s) or DoS attacks through your smartphone. It was produced as an effective stress examining the program. If used with the right amount of internet speed it is an extremely powerful tool, it can also be used to take down servers. But try not to go ahead, since it is one of the fast methods of getting behind bars and you don’t want that now that holidays are here.
Hackode
This application stands out as the tool set for almost any hacker who wants it to use this programs as means to test network scanning, pinging their systems, scan DNS servers, trace routes, check for exploits, etc. Though written in the description was that it still happens to be in its testing phase and people can expect the full version soon.
Nmap for Android
Nmap and Zenmap (a graphical unit of Nmap) are regarded as a highly used and respected tool in the realm of hackers, whether white, gray or black. Now that they are available on Andriod devices – it allowed its users to scan networks and provided a lot of information such as what operating system that target machine has, what ports can be exploited so on so forth. However, it works on both rooted and non-rooted devices, but it works best on a rooted device.
dSploit
This is another piece of work that is used for network analysis and pen testing, a complete suite for a smartphone. As soon as dSploit is fired up, it is possible to map effortlessly one’s networking system, identify operating systems and functioning services, look up current weaknesses, check login processes of numerous Transmission Control Protocol or TCP protocols, live traffic manipulation, password sniffing, etc.
Penetrate Pro
This application is used for hacking WiFi passwords; Biogo Ferreira created the app for testers, and it is an excellent piece of work for WEP/WPA WiFi key decoding. Though, it can crack a limited amount of routers but with its latest version the list of routers has increased.
Kali Linux Net Hunter
Although this is not a stand-alone software, a haven for any professional, the software was jointly created by Offensive Security (makers of Kali Linux) and one of their community member, who goes by the alias of Binky Bear. The operating system is currently available on Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 7, Nexus 9, Nexus 10 and OnePlus One devices, with their regular updates, one can be sure of not falling behind the line.
You want to support Anonymous Independent & Investigative News? Please, follow us on Twitter: Follow @AnonymousNewsHQ
This Article (13 Best Hacking Tools For Android 2015) is free and open source. You have permission to republish this article under a Creative Commons license with attribution to the author and AnonHQ.com.
https://anonhq.com/13-best-hacking-tools-for-android-2015/
DISCLAIMER: This article is written for educational purposes only, and the author Anon.Dos or the publisher AnonHQ did not publish this article for malicious purposes. If the readers wish to download these applications and software and use it for personal gains, the author and the publisher are not to be held liable for any cause of damage done.
Linux is regarded as the preferred os for all the computer wet works, on its ethical side as well the dark side. As Android really is a Linux structured operating system that allowed developers to create many hacking applications for Android itself. Therefore, we are showing a summary of Android hacking software that can switch your android system straight into a hacking device.
USER-FRIENDLY HACKING TOOLS
These hacking tools are easy to use and not difficult to operate plus most of them have a graphical user interface that allows the operator easy access and understandability of the software.
AndroRAT
RAT is basically a Remote Accessing Tool and Andro well you guessed it stands for Android, which makes it a remote accessing tool for many Android devices, this is essentially a host client program that is utilized to manipulate a system without the need of touching the device in order to gain entry to the operating system.
SpoofApp
SpoofApp application effectively pretends as the same software by falsifying information and thus achieving an obscure edge. One can place phone calls using anybody’s phone number. However, if one wants to do that, they would require an extra piece of work commonly known as spoof cards. The software also includes voice changers and allow the user to record the whole conversation. If the software is being installed for the first time, then the user receives free five minutes.
Whatsapp Sniffer
WhatsApp Sniffer is much like Wire Shark that is also a sniffing tool, though WhatsApp Sniffer is solely made for sniffing WhatsApp messages one can use this application to gain access to other peoples WhatsApp messages, their WhatsApp images, WhatsApp video clips and audios but for that one is required to make their device the Wi-Fi hotspot so the traffic can be filtered though there device.
APK Inspector
APK Inspector enables you to view the source code of the application you are going to use; it is an excellent tool for viewing what permissions does the application has, and it allows its user to edit features making it possible to enable, disable and deleting them altogether.
WiFi Killer
This is a fun application; it allows people to kick a person to see how many people are using a WiFi device and then one can kick the person of that wifi network also they can block them.
DroidSheep
Since everyone is on Facebook today, so a lot of people want to know how to get information on other people’s accounts. DriodSheep allows its user to capture cookies of the social media, but the condition is that the target should be present on the same network. And in order to fully understand it, one should have sound knowledge of session hijacking.
Eviloperator
Get Your Anonymous T-Shirt / Sweatshirt / Hoodie / Tanktop, Smartphone / Tablet Cover or Mug In Our Spreadshirt Shop
!
You can guess by its name what this software can do if you can’t then let us explain. This application successfully connects two people via a call that makes them believe that they called one another. The software allows its user to record and save the conversation(s).
PROFESSIONAL HACKING TOOL
These are some advanced hacking apps that are specially designed for the security professional and safety researchers.
AnDOSid
This android tool was created by Scott Herbert, which can be used to start a Denial of Service attack(s) or DoS attacks through your smartphone. It was produced as an effective stress examining the program. If used with the right amount of internet speed it is an extremely powerful tool, it can also be used to take down servers. But try not to go ahead, since it is one of the fast methods of getting behind bars and you don’t want that now that holidays are here.
Hackode
This application stands out as the tool set for almost any hacker who wants it to use this programs as means to test network scanning, pinging their systems, scan DNS servers, trace routes, check for exploits, etc. Though written in the description was that it still happens to be in its testing phase and people can expect the full version soon.
Nmap for Android
Nmap and Zenmap (a graphical unit of Nmap) are regarded as a highly used and respected tool in the realm of hackers, whether white, gray or black. Now that they are available on Andriod devices – it allowed its users to scan networks and provided a lot of information such as what operating system that target machine has, what ports can be exploited so on so forth. However, it works on both rooted and non-rooted devices, but it works best on a rooted device.
dSploit
This is another piece of work that is used for network analysis and pen testing, a complete suite for a smartphone. As soon as dSploit is fired up, it is possible to map effortlessly one’s networking system, identify operating systems and functioning services, look up current weaknesses, check login processes of numerous Transmission Control Protocol or TCP protocols, live traffic manipulation, password sniffing, etc.
Penetrate Pro
This application is used for hacking WiFi passwords; Biogo Ferreira created the app for testers, and it is an excellent piece of work for WEP/WPA WiFi key decoding. Though, it can crack a limited amount of routers but with its latest version the list of routers has increased.
Kali Linux Net Hunter
Although this is not a stand-alone software, a haven for any professional, the software was jointly created by Offensive Security (makers of Kali Linux) and one of their community member, who goes by the alias of Binky Bear. The operating system is currently available on Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 7, Nexus 9, Nexus 10 and OnePlus One devices, with their regular updates, one can be sure of not falling behind the line.
You want to support Anonymous Independent & Investigative News? Please, follow us on Twitter: Follow @AnonymousNewsHQ
This Article (13 Best Hacking Tools For Android 2015) is free and open source. You have permission to republish this article under a Creative Commons license with attribution to the author and AnonHQ.com.
https://anonhq.com/13-best-hacking-tools-for-android-2015/
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